How does Warschauer define access?
Being able to use ICT for personally or socially meaningful ends
Examples of conduits- electricity, telephone service, cable television, Internet
There is a comparatively slow and difficult diffusion of conduits compared with devices
Literacy is now defined as the skills needed for functioning effectively in society
What set of features and technologies describe the various industrial revolutions?
1st industrial revolution followed invention of the steam engine in the eighteenth century, characterized by a replacement of hand tools by machines mostly in small workshops
2nd industrial revolution followed the harnessing of electricity in the nineteenth century and was characterized by the development of large-scale factory production
3rd industrial revolution followed the diffusion of the transistor, the personal computer, and telecommunications in the 1970s
Define and understand the concept of informationalism.
Informationalism is the new stage of global capitalism as we have an information economy in which computers and the Internet play an essential enabling role
Four features that distinguish informationalism from the prior industrial stage
the driving role of science and technology for economic growth
a shift from material production to information processing
the emergence and expansion of new forms of networked industrial organization
the rise of socioeconomic globalization
What are the new categories of workers (as opposed to the old categories of blue-collar and white-collar workers)? What do workers in the new categories do?
Routine production workers (data processors, payroll clerks, factory workers)
In-person service workers (janitors, taxi drivers)
Symbolic analysts (software engineers, management consultants, strategic planners)
These categories are based on computer and Internet usage, first two groups only use computers in routine ways, while symbolic analysts have specialized training and make advanced use of ICTs
Click and mortar- existing businesses that incorporate online communication into their day-to-day functioning (Dell is a good example)
Just in time production
Global economic stratification/Twin peaks income distribution- increasing gap between rich and poor countries as market value for high technology goods has increased while the market for low value primary commodities has fallen
Individual income gap also widening due to profits from the information and communications technology revolution
Inequality has remained relatively stable in poorest countries as they remain outside the ICT revolution
Computer-mediated communication has drastically changed
Written interaction
Long distance many to many communication
A global hypertext- information, sources put up by people
Multimedia
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