Dijk and Hacker define access based on the overcoming of the following four barriers
- Mental Access - lack of interest, computer anxiety, and unattractiveness of new technologies
- Material Access - lack of possession of hardware, computers, and network connections
- Skills Access - lack of digital skills, caused by inadequate literacy, education, or social support
- Usage Access - lack of opportunities in which to use ICTs
Digital Skills
Digital skills are divided into the following three categories
- Instrumental Skills - the ability to operate computer hardware and software
- Informational Skills - the ability to search for and recognize desired information
- Strategic Skills - using the information found for the individual's own purpose and position effectively
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